Assam | NER Databank

The land corresponds a world of contrast and excitement, something celestial and amazing. It is a Magic Land, a Green Paradise. It combines so many and such varied passions and beauties that one has to take a pause at least for its praise.

For Assam is identified no better than by its Bihu songs and dances, the Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary where the rare one-horned rhinoceros roams at will, silks such as paat and muga which rank amongst the finest in the world, the State’s tea which finds its way to millions of homes all over the globe, and the Shrine of Kamakhya which draws thousands of devotees every year.

Spread beneath the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, Assam has a history dating back to the Vedic ages. During Mahabharata age, it was known as Pragjyotish (Land of Eastern Light). In the Puranas and Tantras, Assam was referred to as Kamrupa- the land where Kamadeva, the God of Love, was reborn.

In ancient times Assam constituted a part of the land known successively as Pragjyotisha or Pragjyotishpura, and Kamarupa. Asom (Axom) or its anglicized version Assam is a comparatively modern name. Opinions on the root of the name vary with one view ascribing its origin to the Bodo word Ha-Cham which means "low or level country" and a second view ascribing it to the word Asama, meaning "unequalled" or "peerless", and used to denote the Ahoms, a Shan tribe which ruled the land for six centuries from the 13th Century A.D.

It was during the Varmana dynasty that Assam was chronicled in the SI-YUKI, the famed travelogue of Hiuen-Tsang, a Chinese pilgrim. After the 600 years’ Ahom-Kingdom, Assam became part of British India in 1826 and then a constituent state of Independent India.

Geographically, Assam is surrounded by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh on the North, Nagaland and Manipur on the East, Meghalalya and Mizoram on the South and Bangladesh, Tripura and West Bengal on the West. Since independence, many changes have taken place in Assam geographically and in many other respects. At present, total land area of it is 78, 523 sq. kms. It accounts 2.4% of the total geographical area of the country. Demographically, Assam is the most populous state in the North East India. Economically, out of the eight North East States, Assam is the most developed. But compared to other states like Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Gujarat, Assam lags far behind in almost all economic spheres.

POPULATION:

District-wise distribution of Geographical Area, Population, Growth rate, Density, Sex ratio and Literacy rate of Assam, (Census 2011):

Sl. No.	District	Area (Sq. Km.)	Population	Growth Rate (%)	Sex Ratio	Literacy (%)	Density
1.	Nagaon	3973	2823768	22.00	962	72.37	711
2.	Dhubri	3973	1949258	24.44	953	58.34	896
3.	Sonitpur	5204	1924110	15.55	956	67.34	370
4.	Cachar	3786	1736617	20.19	959	79.34	459
5.	Barpeta	2282	1693622	21.43	953	63.81	742
6.	Kamrup	3105	1517542	15.69	949	75.55	489
7.	Tinsukia	3790	1327929	15.47	952	69.66	350
8.	Dibrugarh	3381	1326335	11.92	961	76.05	392
9.	Kamrup Metropolitan	955	1253938	18.34	936	88.71	1313
10.	Karimganj	1809	1228686	21.90	963	78.22	679
11.	Sivasagar	2668	1151050	9.44	954	80.41	431
12.	Jorhat	2851	1092256	9.31	962	82.15	383
13.	Golaghat	3502	1066888	12.75	964	77.43	305
14.	Lakhimpur	2277	1042137	17.22	968	77.20	458
15.	Goalpara	1824	1008183	22.64	964	67.37	553
16.	Morigkaon	1551	957423	23.34	967	68.03	617
17.	Karbi Anglong	10434	956313	17.58	951	69.25	92
18.	Baksa	2457	950075	10.74	974	69.25	387
19.	Darrang	1585	928500	22.19	954	63.08	586
20.	Kokrajhar	3296	887142	5.21	959	65.22	269
21.	Udalguri	2012	831668	9.61	973	65.41	413
22.	Nalbari	1052	771639	11.99	949	78.63	733
23.	Bongaigaon	1093	738804	20.59	966	69.74	676
24.	Dhemaji	3237	686133	19.97	953	72.70	212
25.	Hailakandi	1327	659296	21.45	951	74.33	497
26.	Chirang	1923	482162	11.34	969	63.55	251
27.	Dima Hasao	4888	214102	13.84	932	77.54	44
	Assam	78438	31205576	17.07	958	72.19	398

Source: census 2011.co.in

►ECONOMY:

Gross State Domestic Product:

(As on 15.08.2023)

Year	Current Price (Rs. in Crore)	Constant (2011-12) Price (Rs. in Crore)
2011-12	143175	143175
2012-13	156864	147342
2013-14	177745	154525
2014-15	195723	165212
2015-16	227959	191109
2016-17	254382	202081
2017-18	283165	219919
2018-19	309336	231040
2019-20	346851	240707
2020-21	353605	242946
2021-22	412612	262523
2022-23	493167	289192

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (mospi).

Net State Domestic Product:

(As on 15.08.2023)

Year	Current Price (Rs. in Crore)	Constant (2011-12) Price (Rs. in Crore)
2011-12	129354	129354
2012-13	142039	132518
2013-14	160442	138725
2014-15	172849	146425
2015-16	201309	167629
2016-17	222397	179632
2017-18	253726	195262
2018-19	276625	204627
2019-20	311031	212315
2020-21	315663	213871
2021-22	363161	231816
2022-23	427147	251688

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (mospi).

Per Capita Net State Domestic Product:

(As on 15.08.2023)

Year	Current Price (Rs. in Crore)	Constant (2011-12) Price (Rs. in Crore)
2011-12	41142	41142
2012-13	44599	41609
2013-14	49734	43002
2014-15	52895	44809
2015-16	60817	50642
2016-17	66330	53575
2017-18	75151	57835
2018-19	81034	59943
2019-20	90123	61519
2020-21	90482	61304
2021-22	102965	65726
2022-23	118504	69826

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (mospi).

►AGRICULTURE:

Area, Production and Yield under Food and Non-Food Crops in Assam, 2019-20:

(Area in '000 Hect., Production in '000 Tonnes and Yield in Kg./Hect.)

Name of Crops	2019-2020
Name of Crops	Area	Production	Yield
Cereals	2343.70	5130.33	2189
Pulses	143.96	106.07	737
Total Food Grains	2487.66	5236.40	2105
Oil Seeds	310.82	192.41	619

Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India

►HORTICULTURE:

Year wise Area, Production & Productivity of Horticultural Crops, 2014-15 to 2018-19:

Year	Fruits			Spices			Vegetables
Year	Area (lakh hectares)	Production (lakh MT	Productivity (Kg./hect.)	Area (lakh hectares)	Production (lakh MT	Productivity (Kg./hect.)	Area (lakh hectares)	Production (lakh MT	Productivity (Kg./hect.)
2014-2015	1.44	20.12	13869	1.08	2.97	2749	3.91	134.78	25455
2015-2016	1.44	20.56	-	1.09	3.58	-	2.80	516.32	-
2016-2017	1.41	20.06	14144	1.11	3.77	3380	2.80	519.23	18485
2017-2018	1.46	21.04	14390	1.12	3.89	3458	2.87	54.24	18914
2018-2019	1.16	21.47	14729	1.11	3.96	3575	2.88	53.67	18626

Total may not be equal due to rounding off to nearest zero

Source: Economic Survey, Assam, 2017-18 and 2019-20

►SERICULTURE:

Sericulture Activities in Assam, 2016-17 to 2021-22:

Sl. No.	Item	Unit	2016-2017	2017-2018	2018-2019	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22
1.	Sericulture Villages	Numbers	9935	8726	8828	8642	8640	8627
2.	Families Engaged in Sericulture
2.1	Eri	Numbers	271318	249295	240939	249615	294419	239810
2.2	Muga		20541	27690	30164	30710	29231	31653
2.3	Mulberry		27546	29059	29905	29205	8207	28473
3.	Area under food plants (Govt. + Private)
3.1	Eri	Hectare	7176.13	5936	42471.01	30319.462	33433.734	29096.294
3.2	Muga		5931.58	4368.78	10389.88	10762.49	11861.28	12557.775
3.3	Mulberry		2875.35	1279.97	2591.05	2526.34	2569.91	2624.420
4.	Production of Cocoons
4.1	Eri cut Cocoons	MT	4350.58	6300.00	5632.89	6311.00	6573.67	6769.960
4.2	Muga Cocoons	Lakh Nos.	6480.00	7865.50	6494.25	9865.66	9497.91	10677.710
4.3	Mulberry Reeling Cocoons	MT	439.05	575.89	611.82	584.89	234.84	217.520
5.	Production of Silk Yarn
5.1	Eri Raw Silk	MT	3468.25	4650.00	3421.70	5048.80	5275.738	5420.000
5.2	Muga Raw Silk		129.60	156.96	157.00	197.29	240.46	210.495
5.3	Mulberry Raw Silk		49.64	59.50	61.00	68.70	33.4049	24.595

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022

►LIVESTOCK AND VETERINARY:

Livestock and Poultry Population as per Livestock Census 2012 and 2019:

Sl. No.	Livestock Spices	2012	2019	Growth Rate (%)
1.	Total Cattle	10307604	10909239	5.84
	a) Crossbreed Cattle	395902	768949	94.23
	b) Indigenous	9911702	10140290	2.31
2.	Buffalo	435265	421715	-3.11
3.	Sheep	518067	332100	-35.90
4.	Goat	6169193	4315173	-30.05
5.	Horse and Ponies	14153	12783	-9.68
6.	Pigs	1636022	2099000	28.30
7.	Dogs	527521	487182	-7.65
8	Donkeys	1049	900	-14.20
9.	Rabbit	6170	30337	391.69
10.	Fowls	18718209	33765643	80.39
11.	Ducks	7300402	12047743	65.03

Source: Livestock Census 2012 and 2019

►FISHERY:

Statistics of Fisheries in Assam, 2017-18 to 2021-22:

Sl. No.	Particulars	2017-2018	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022
1.	No. of Registered Bill Fisheries	1197	1907	1903	1904	2072
2.	Area under Registered Bill Fisheries (Hect.)	100815	63019.8	61763	69719.23	71843.50
3.	Ponds and Tanks (Nos.)	416240	455118	475404	501800	547237
4.	Area under Ponds and Tanks (Hect.)	73065	75183.90	81346.00	85067.51	92386.22
5.	Area under River Fisheries (Hect.)	167095	4820	164481.65	241536.74	11060.60
6.	Area under Forest Fisheries (Hect.)	4835	4784.8	4782	5001.80	6990.90
7.	Area under Derelict Water Bodies/Swamps (Hect.)	86204	94044.65	91909	83639.25	83555.26
8.	Reservoir Fisheries (Hect.)	1713	996	1813	1863	3096
9.	Nos. of Hatcheries (Govt + Private)	521	538	521	521	564
10.	Production of Fish Seeds (Million Nos.)	8000.13	9893.37	95187.99	9886.50	18218.70
11.	Production of Fish (Tonne)	327262	331099.34	373154.45	392913.39	416915

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022

►FORESTRY:

Statistics of Forest in Assam, 2017-18 and 2018-19:

Sl. No.	Particulars	Unit	2017-2018	2018-2019
1	Reserved Forest Area	In Hect.	1351669.01	1359026.7
2	Encroached Area	In Hect.	372992.15	364145.02
3	Nos. of Encroachers	Household	194335	205209
4	National Park	In Nos.	5	5
5	Wildlife Sanctuaries	In Nos.	18	18
6	Proposed Wildlife Sanctuaries	In Nos.	2	-
7	Forest Road (Surfaced)	In Km	1180.22	644.969
8	Forest Road (Motorable)	In Km	9946.08	2567.193
9	Forest Road (Non-Motorable)	In Km	8194.38	2752.731
10	Forest Revenue	In Lakh	211.69	16535.86

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018 and 2019

►MINERAL

Mineral Production in Assam, 2015-16 to 2019-20:

Year	Coal ('000 MT)	Crude Oil ('000 MT)	Natural Gas Utilised (MCM)	Limestone ('000 MT)	Sulphur ('000 MT)
2015-2016	397	4513	2903	442	4322
2016-2017	600	4202	2907	1597	6571
2017-2018	782	4345	3034	1432	8339
2018-2019	783	4222	3083	1651	6956
2019-2020	596	4093	2931	1552	5955

Statistical Handbook Assam 2020

►EDUCATION:

Educational Institutions in Assam, 2017-18 and 2018-19:

Sl. No.	Particulars		2017-2018	2018-2019
1.	Higher Education	No. of University (Including Private and Deemed University)	14	17
2.	College for general Education	(a) Arts, Science and Commerce College
		(i) Govt. College	5	4
		(ii) Provincialised College	300	297
		(iii) Non-Govt. College	43	100
		(b) Junior College	65	65
3.	College for Professional Education	(a) Agriculture & Forestry	2	7
		(b) Veterinary	2	4
		(c) Law College (Govt.+Non Govt,)	20	26
4.	Secondary and Elementary Education	School for General Education
		(a) Higher Secondary School	4378	833
		(b) High School	3380	4309
		(c) Upper Primary School	6449	5732
		(d) Primary School	39304	36262
		(e) Sanskrit and Pali Tools (Provincialised)	95	97
		(g) Pre-Sr. Madrassa		250
		(h) Sr. Madrassa/ Arabic College/ Title Madrassa	138	152
5.	Teachers Training Institution	(a) College of Teacher Education (C.T.E.)		8
		(b) District Institute of Education and Training		27
		(c) Basic Trainning Centre (B.T.C.)		18
		(d) Normal School (N.S.)		7
		(e) Pre Primary Teacher Training Centre (PPTTC)		1

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018 and 2019

►INDUSTRY:

Industrial particulars of Assam, 2017-18 and 2018-19:

Sl. No.	Particulars	Unit	2017-2018	2018-2019
1.	No. of Factories		3890 (as per ASI 2015-16 results)	4538 (as per ASI 2015-16 results)
2.	Working Capital	Rs. in lakh	722520 (as per ASI 2015-16 results)	906161 (as per ASI 2015-16 results)
3.	Net Income	Rs. in lakh	919513 (as per ASI 2015-16 results)	1299749 (as per ASI 2015-16 results)
4.	Total Persons engaged (Employees, Worker etc.)	Numbers	208520 (as per ASI 2015-16 results)	217155 (as per ASI 2018-19 results)
5.	Production of:
(a)	Fertilizer (P)	000 tonne	299	277
(b)	Jute	000 tonne	23	31
(c)	Petroleum Crude	000 tonne	4345	4
(d)	Coal	000 tonne	782	8
(e)	Cement	000 tonne	639	640
6.	Index No. of Industrial Production	Base 2011-12=100	109.25	111.24 (in 2018-19)
7.	Registered MSME units	Numbers	1539	1123
8.	Workers in MSME units	Numbers	14442	8543
9.	Area under Industrial Estate	Sq. Meters	1270813.64	2249565.40
10.	Unit functioning	Numbers	259	299 (in 2018-19)
11.	Area under Industrial Area	Sq. Meters	2598246.44	2249565.40
12.	Unit functioning	Numbers	229	229
13.	Registered Factories (As per NIC, 2008)	Numbers	6929 (in 2017)	6945 (in 2018)
14.	Workers in the Factories	Numbers	269276 (in 2017)	279246 (in 2018)

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018 and 2019

►HANDLOOM:

Statistics of Handloom & Textile in Assam, 2019-20:

Handloom Training Centre (HTC)	No. of Trainee in HTC	No. of Weaver's Extension Service Unit	Weaver's Extension Service Production (in Metre)	No. of Handloom Production Centre Centre	Handloom Production (in Metre)
102	1565	98	162242.23	20	17026.09

Source: Statistical Hand Book Assam 2020

►ROADWAYS:

Roadways in Assam, 2017-18 and 2018-19:

Sl. No.	Particulars	Unit	2017-2018	2018-2019
1.	PWD Road Length (Total)	In Km	42080	53963
2.	Surfaced (Black topped)	In Km	28480	30048
3.	Cement Concrete	In Km	200	411
4.	National Highway (N.H.)	In Km	3900	3889.686
5.	Total Road Length including N.H.	In Km	52890	57848
6.	Road Length per lakh of population	In Km	169.49	185.38
7.	Road length per '00 sq. km. of geographical Area	In Km	67.43	73.75
8.	State Highways	In Km		2530
9.	Major District Roads	In Km		4379

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018 and 2019

►ROAD TRANSPORT:

Statistics on Assam State Transport Corporation, 2017-18 to 2019-20:

Particulars	Unit	2017-2018	2018-2019	2019-2020
Average No. of Vehicles Held	No	865	953	929
Average No. of Vehicles on Road	No	634	639	705
Fleet Utilisation	Percent	73.29	67.05	75.89
Total Effective K.M. Operated during the year	Lakh K.M	291.41	245.83	234.23
Average Gross Earnings per Month	Rs. in Lakhs	644.59	643.58	696.24
Average Net Earnings per Month	Rs. in Lakhs	187.31	218.50	286.03
Earning per K.M.	Rs.	26.14	31.42	35.67
Cost per Kilometre (Other than Pay & Allowance Depreciation & Interest)	Rs.	18.83	20.75	19.73
Load factor i.e. Occupancy Ratio	Percent	77.51	87.08	85.49
Kilometre per Litre (KPL)	KM/Ltr.	3.70	3.79	3.97
Total No. of Regular Staff (Including Officer as on 31st March)	No.	1480	1349	1199
Contractual Employees (as on 31st March)	Nos	1773	2040	2307
Staff Bus Ratio	-	05:01	05:01	05:01
Average Monthly Gross Salary	Rs. in Lakhs	634.71	598.30	789.93
Average No. of Private Buses Operated under ASTC	No	1272	1357	1339
Monthly Average earning from Private Buses	Rs. in Lakhs	66.40	80.17	90.65
No. of Stations and Sub-Stations	Nos.	133	133	133
No. of Electric Bus	Nos.	Nil	Nil	15

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2019 and 2020

►TOURISM

Year wise Tourists Inflow in Assam and Revenue Earned from the Tourists, 2009-10 to 2021-22:

Year	Indian	Foreigner	Total Revenue earned from Tourist lodges only
2009-2010	3895525	14699	131.63 (in lakh)
2010-2011	4127447	15633	143.60 (in lakh)
2011-2012	4408333	16660	184.49 (in lakh)
2012-2013	4544666	17708	248.19 (in lakh)
2013-2014	4444393	19086	191.32 (in lakh)
2014-2015	4863826	20005	211.77 (in lakh)
2015-2016	5642950	26320	1057.24 (in lakh)
2016-2017	4863826	7209	252.39 (in lakh)
2017-2018	59343391	31739	2430267 (in Rs.)
2018-2019	6027002	41209	3030894 (in Rs.)
2019-2020	5146307	18594	10034684 (in Rs.)
2020-2021	1351690	346	11746715 (in Rs.)
2021-2022	1702932	1231	18130988 (in Rs.)

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022

►POWER:

Power in Assam, 2016-17 to 2019-20:

Sl. No.	Particulars	Unit	2016-2017	2017-2018	2018-2019	2019-20
1.	Installed Capacity of Generating Plant	In MW	379.7	379.7	376.96	376.155
2.	Gross Unit Generation	In MU	1650.6	1489.85	1594.46	1545.980
3.	Energy Requirement	In MU	8240	9364.54	10058	9413
4.	Peak Demand	In MW	1679	1763	1894	1956
5.	Peak Demand Met	In MW	1634	1684	1810	1956
6.	Shortage (%)	In % age	3	5	4	0
7.	Total Consumers	In Number	3932745	4186763	5314181	5783846
8.	Domestic Consumers	In Number	3690714	3930759	5041035	5501547
9.	Commercial Consumers	In Number	242031	256004	273146	282299

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020

►BANKING:

Bank-wise and Population Group-wise Number of Functioning Offices of Commercial Banks as at end of the Quarter:

Bank	March 2021
Bank	Rural	Semi-urban	Urban	Total
STATE BANK OF INDIA	192	127	136	455
BANK OF BARODA	12	20	36	68
BANK OF INDIA	11	18	23	52
BANK OF MAHARASHTRA		4	6	10
CANARA BANK	28	48	42	118
CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA	59	33	33	125
INDIAN BANK	50	37	32	119
INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK	7	12	12	31
PUNJAB AND SIND BANK	2	2	11	15
PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK	180	96	99	375
UCO BANK	70	47	29	146
UNION BANK OF INDIA	24	34	39	97
STANDARD CHARTERED BANK			1	1
ASSAM GRAMIN VIKASH BANK	372	79	31	482
AXIS BANK LIMITED	11	40	39	90
BANDHAN BANK LIMITED	301	101	38	440
FEDERAL BANK LTD		2	11	13
HDFC BANK LTD.	12	39	34	85
ICICI BANK LIMITED	6	33	34	73
IDBI BANK LIMITED	3	16	16	35
IDFC FIRST BANK LIMITED			2	2
INDUSIND BANK LTD	3	14	18	35
KARNATAKA BANK LTD			2	2
KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD.		1	4	5
SOUTH INDIAN BANK LTD			2	2
YES BANK LTD.		2	8	10
CAPITAL SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED	0	0	0	0
ESAF SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED			1	1
JANA SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED		4	5	9
NORTH EAST SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED	94	59	15	168
UJJIVAN SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED	3	7	9	19
UTKARSH SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED			1	1
AIRTEL PAYMENTS BANK LIMITED			1	1
INDIA POST PAYMENTS BANK LIMITED		20	6	26
Assam	1440	895	776	3111

Source: Reserve Bank of India

►HEALTH:

Health Infrastructure Facility in Assam, 2019-20:

(As on December 23, 2020)

Type of Facility	Total Facility					Active Facility
Type of Facility	Total	Public	Private	Urban	Rural	Total	Public	Private	Urban	Rural
SC	5847	5609	238	62	5785	4958	4933	25	46	4912
PHC	1670	1226	444	64	1606	1440	1046	394	60	1380
CHC	333	210	123	74	259	318	198	120	71	247
SDH	22	16	6	6	16	19	14	5	5	14
DH	37	37	0	0	37	33	33	0	0	33
Total	7909	7098	811	206	7703	6768	6224	544	182	6586

SC= Sub Center; PHC= Primary Health Center; CHC= Community Health Center; SDH= Sub District Hospital; DH= District Hospital

Source: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India